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Re: polynom+real zeros

Subject: Re: polynom+real zeros
From: Bill Dubuque
Date: 30 Apr 2006 11:22:39 -0400
Newsgroups: sci.math
Robert Israel <israel@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>eugene  <jane1806@xxxxxxx> wrote:
>>
>> Prove that polynomial p(x) = x^100 + x^98 + a_3 x^97 +...+ a_n 
>> cannot have all real zeros.
> 
> Use Descartes' Rule of Signs.  The number of changes of sign in the
> coefficients of p(x) plus the number of changes of sign in the
> coefficients of p(-x) is at most 98.  In fact, if a
> polynomial P(x) = sum_j c_j x^j has all real zeros and one of its
> coefficients c_j = 0 (where there is some nonzero coefficient
> c_k with k < j), then c_{j-1} c_{j+1} < 0.

It's more elementary via root symmetric functions:

  ri  roots of  X^n + a X^(n-1) + b X^(n-2) + ...

  ->    -a = sum ri
         b = sum ri rj, i<j

  ->    sum ri^2 = a^2 - 2b

a=0 & ri real  ->  0 <= sum ri^2 = -2b  ->  b <= 0

so, indeed,  c{n-1} = 0  ->  c_{n} c{n-2} = b <= 0

Polya often posed practice problems similar to this.

--Bill Dubuque

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