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Re: 9V battery testing; Thevenin equivalent; car headlamps.

Subject: Re: 9V battery testing; Thevenin equivalent; car headlamps.
From: Adam Funk
Date: Tue, 1 Aug 2006 14:11:59 +0100
Newsgroups: sci.electronics.basics, sci.electronics.repair
On 2006-08-01, Joop van der Velden <pe1dna@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> Adam Funk wrote:
>> I recently tested a 9V alkaline battery by measuring its open-circuit
>> voltage (9.0 V) and then measuring it with a car headlight lamp (R = 1
>> Ohm) across the terminals (4.0 V).  The lamp lit up brightly and got
>> warm, but from the significant voltage drop I conclude that the
>> battery is basically dead.  Correct?
>
> No, 1,25 ohm ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) for a 9V battery is
> quite good.  For a 1,5V "D" cell i would consider it too high.

Interesting.  I though a 44% voltage drop sounded like a lot, but as
you and others have pointed out, the load resistance I've used is very
low.  What sort of resistance do I really need for this sort of test?


>>     -  Vb +      Rb
>> -----|||||-----/\/\/\-----
>> |                        |
>> |                        |
>> o                        o
>> |                        |
>> |            Rl          |
>> -----------/\/\/\---------
>> 
>> 
>> With the load removed, and assuming the voltmeter is an open circuit,
>> Vb = 9.0 V.  With Rl = 1 Ohm in place and the voltage across o-o
>> measured as 4.0 V, the loop current is 4 A.  So Rb is 1.25 Ohm.
>> Correct?
>
> Yep.  But remember that the 1 ohm of the lamp is measured in cold state.
> At 9V it is probably a lot more.

Right.  I measured the lamp's resistance with an ohmmeter, which of
course puts very little current through it.

But I took the measurements by clipping the voltmeter (actually it's
the same meter) leads onto the battery terminals, reading the
open-circuit voltage, then pressing the lamp's terminals against the
battery terminals (the spacing was convenient --- that's where I got
the idea from) and immediately reading the loaded voltage (before the
lamp heated up).


>> Is there a rule of thumb for judging a battery as "still OK" or
>> "dead" based on the calculated Thevenin resistance?
>
> It depends of the size, technology and voltage.  A large "D" cell will
> have in its new state an Rb of about 0,1 ohm or even less.
> A new 9V battery might give you somathing like 1 ohm.

Thanks!

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