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newedana wrote:
> Andrew Yee wrote:
> > Office of Public Relations
> > University of Missouri-Rolla
> >
> > Contact: Lance Feyh
> > Phone: 573-341-4269
> > Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu
> >
> > December 1, 2005
> >
> > SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES
> >
> > ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
> > the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
> > existed.
> >
> > Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
> > heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
> > before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
> > fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
> > rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
> > black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
> > professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
> > is the end of light as we know it."
> >
> > Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
> > astronomical renaissance, so to speak.
> >
> > In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
> > and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
> > the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
> > stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.
> >
> > Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
> > Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
> > the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
> > in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
> > holes."
> >
> > Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
> > black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
> > just doesn't make sense to him.
> >
> > "You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
> > and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
> > galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
> > away from the center."
> >
> > According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
> > neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
> > galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."
> >
> > "Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
> > south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
> > protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
> > is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
> > discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
> > nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."
> >
> > Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
> > findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.
> >
> > Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
> > small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
> > Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
> > in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.
> >
> > "The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
> > produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.
> >
> > Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
> > belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
> > solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
> > dolls that give birth to smaller stars.
> >
> > "The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
> > smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
> > Manuel says.
> >
> > In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
> > of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
> > Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
> > Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
> > sun and other ordinary stars.
> >
> > "Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
> > energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
> > regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
> > black holes."
>
> * * * * * * *
>
>
> THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
> (adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
> Yoon)
>
> - The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
> galaxy.
> - The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
> center for its all family stars.
> - The real source of solar energy.
>
> All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
> particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
> closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
> distance it gives a hydrogen atom.
>
> Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
> to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
> Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
> http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
> construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
> built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
> substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.
>
> The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
> as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
> Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
> character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.
>
> So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
> at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
> the vacant vacuum space.
>
> The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
> entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
> conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.
>
> Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
> be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
> explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
> nuclear reactions in the 1930s.
>
> However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
> gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
> where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
> penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
> solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.
>
> According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
> elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
> singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
> formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
> after 10^5 years of the explosion.
>
> Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
> galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
> story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
> world in the nature.
>
> Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
> gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
> between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
> universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
> straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
> accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
> acceleration (expansion of universe).
>
> It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
> to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
> speeds.
>
> If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
> beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
> NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
> neutrons.
>
> Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
> Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
> singularity.
>
> It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
> instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
> proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
> 1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
> vacant space.
It doesn't matter what he knew about atoms,
Since his theory is based on the pauli exclusion prunciple
not atoms.
>
> If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
> pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
> tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
> materials.
But the theory applies at Planck time scales.
not atomic time scales.
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